Disk

Hard disk drive and hybrid drives with ARM and drive zone

Cache, Memory and Storage

  • Cache
    Stochastic and cycle-accurate cache with snoop
  • Memory
    Controller delay, signal and address-based DRAM, SRAM and NAND
  • Disk
    Hard disk drive and hybrid drives with ARM and drive zone
  • Flash
    NAND memory with controller
  • SSD
    SSD connected to NVMe

Quick Explanation

  • Support for SATA. iSCSI and PCIe
  • Supports Client Arbiter
  • Multi-level cache - Disk, SDRAm, SSD and Cache
  • ARM-based controller
  • Buffer threshold at Disk and SATA interfaces
  • Statistics for throughput, latency and effective bandwidth
  • Power consumption and management

Protocol

  • Hybrid and traditional disk drive
  • Used to explore the disk drive internals for better architecture optimization

Model Link

Overview

VisualSim library has a variety of storage devices that can be inserted into the model for specific design realization. The library comprises of SSD (Solid State Drive), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express), Flash Memory, and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface).

Flash

Flash memory is an electronic, non-volatile computer storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of Flash memory are NAND-type and NOR-type, which are named after the type of logic gates used.

Features

  • Typical NAND flashmemory sizes include :-
    • 16KB – 32 pages of 512+16 bytes each
    • 128KB – 64 pages of 2048+64 bytes each
    • 256KB – 64 pages of 4096+128 bytes each
    • 512KB – 128 pages of 4096+128 bytes each
  • Typical block sizes of NOR memories include 64KB, 128KB, and 256KB.
  • Flash memories are used in a variety of applications such as digital cameras, PDAs, audio players, mobile phones, scientific and medical instrumentation, and industrial robotics.

HDD

HDD is an electromechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital information using one or more rapidly rotating disks.

Features

  • Hybrid drives combine features of both SSDs and HDDs in the same unit.
  • The disk speed can be set at 1,200, 3,600, and 4,200 rpm for energy-efficient portable devices, 5,400 and 7,200 rpm for consumer grade HDDs, and up to 15,000 rpm for high-performance servers.
  • Can be interfaced with SCSI, Serial ATA, PCIe, Fibre Channel, and USB

SCSI

SCSI is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices.

Features

  • Low device latency and exploits parallelism in host hardware and software.
  • Specifications for NVMe include 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3.

Disk - used for reading data